A Heat Transfer Textbook J H Lienhard, Phlogiston Press 3rd Edition
About This Book:
Author(s): John H. Lienhard IV, John H. Lienhard V
Publisher: Phlogiston Press, Year: 2003
Pages: 762
size : 9 mb
ISBN: 9780971383524,0971383529
This textbook is an introduction to heat and mass transfer oriented toward engineering students. The subjects covered include heat conduction, forced and natural convection, thermal radiation, boiling, condensation, heat exchangers, and mass transfer. The book includes worked examples and end-of-chapter exercises. The third edition (2003) has been extensively revised and updated from the old second edition (1987).
Contents:
I The General Problem of Heat Exchange 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Relation of heat transfer to thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Modes of heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 A look ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.5 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2 Heat conduction concepts, thermal resistance, and the overall
heat transfer coefficient 49
2.1 The heat diffusion equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.2 Solutions of the heat diffusion equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.3 Thermal resistance and the electrical analogy . . . . . . . . . 62
2.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient, U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3 Heat exchanger design 99
3.1 Function and configuration of heat exchangers . . . . . . . . 99
3.2 Evaluation of the mean temperature difference in a heat
exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.3 Heat exchanger effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.4 Heat exchanger design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
II Analysis of Heat Conduction 139
4 Analysis of heat conduction and some steady one-dimensional
problems 141
4.1 The well-posed problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.2 The general solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.3 Dimensional analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4.4 An illustration of dimensional analysis in a complex steady
conduction problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4.5 Fin design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5 Transient and multidimensional heat conduction 193
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
5.2 Lumped-capacity solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
5.3 Transient conduction in a one-dimensional slab . . . . . . . 203
5.4 Temperature-response charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5.5 One-term solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
5.6 Transient heat conduction to a semi-infinite region . . . . . 220
5.7 Steady multidimensional heat conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5.8 Transient multidimensional heat conduction . . . . . . . . . . 247
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
III Convective Heat Transfer 267
6 Laminar and turbulent boundary layers 269
6.1 Some introductory ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
6.2 Laminar incompressible boundary layer on a flat surface 276
6.3 The energy equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
6.4 The Prandtl number and the boundary layer thicknesses 296
6.5 Heat transfer coefficient for laminar, incompressible flow
over a flat surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
6.6 The Reynolds analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
6.7 Turbulent boundary layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
6.8 Heat transfer in turbulent boundary layers . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
7 Forced convection in a variety of configurations 341
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
7.2 Heat transfer to and from laminar flows in pipes . . . . . . 342
7.3 Turbulent pipe flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
7.4 Heat transfer surface viewed as a heat exchanger . . . . . . 367
7.5 Heat transfer coefficients for noncircular ducts . . . . . . . . 370
7.6 Heat transfer during cross flow over cylinders . . . . . . . . . 374
7.7 Other configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
8 Natural convection in single-phase fluids and during film
condensation 397
8.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
8.2 The nature of the problems of film condensation and of
natural convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
8.3 Laminar natural convection on a vertical isothermal surface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
8.4 Natural convection in other situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
8.5 Film condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
9 Heat transfer in boiling and other phase-change configurations 457
9.1 Nukiyama’s experiment and the pool boiling curve . . . . . 457
9.2 Nucleate boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
9.3 Peak pool boiling heat flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
9.4 Film boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
9.5 Minimum heat flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
9.6 Transition boiling and system influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
9.7 Forced convection boiling in tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
9.8 Forced convective condensation heat transfer . . . . . . . . . 505
9.9 Dropwise condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
9.10 The heat pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
References . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer 523
10 Radiative heat transfer 525
10.1 The problem of radiative exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
10.2 Kirchhoff’s law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
10.3 Radiant heat exchange between two finite black bodies . 536
10.4 Heat transfer among gray bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
10.5 Gaseous radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
10.6 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
V Mass Transfer 595
11 An introduction to mass transfer 597
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
11.2 Mixture compositions and species fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
11.3 Diffusion fluxes and Fick’s law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
11.4 Transport properties of mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
11.5 The equation of species conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
11.6 Mass transfer at low rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
11.7 Steady mass transfer with counterdiffusion . . . . . . . . . . . 648
11.8 Mass transfer coefficients at high rates of mass transfer . 654
11.9 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
VI Appendices 689
A Some thermophysical properties of selected materials 691
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694
B Units and conversion factors 721
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722
C Nomenclature 725
Citation Index 733
Subject Index 739 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
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